Measurement of Sweat Sodium Concentration in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease - Trial NCT06354842

Timeline & Enrollment

Primary Outcome

Sweat sodium concentration

Summary

It has been shown that excretion of sodium and water through the skin in the form of sweat
 represents a regulatory mechanism of electrolyte- and fluid balance. Since patients with
 chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit increased skin sodium content, we investigated the
 feasibility of sweat testing as a novel experimental tool to a more complete assessment of
 fluid- and sodium homeostasis.
 
 In this cross-sectional feasibility study, we applied pilocarpine iontophoresis to induce
 sweat testing in 58 patients across various stages of CKD including patients after kidney
 transplantation as well as a healthy control cohort (n=6) to investigate possible effects of
 CKD and transplantation status on sweat rate and sodium concentration. Due to non-linear
 relationships, we modeled our data using polynomial regression.
 
 Decline of kidney function showed a significant association with lower sweat rates: adj R²=
 0.2278, F(2, 61) = 10.29, p = 0.000141. Sweat sodium concentrations were increased in
 moderate CKD, however this effect was lost in end stage renal disease: adj R² = 0.3701, F(4,
 59) = 10.26, p = 2.261e-06. We observed higher sweat weight in males compared to females.
 
 Diagnostic sweat analysis represents an innovative and promising noninvasive option for more
 thorough investigation of sodium- and fluid homeostasis in CKD patients. Lower sweat rates
 and higher sweat sodium concentrations represent a unique feature of CKD patients with
 potential therapeutic implications.

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